Publications: NBAS and NBO Research

Shoaff, J., Nugent, J.K., Brazelton, T.B; Korrick, S.A. (2020). Early Infant Correlates of Social Skills in Adolescents. Journal of Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology. 2020; 00:1-10.

Froggart, S., Reissland, N., Covey, J. (2020). The effects of prenatal cigarette and e-cigarette exposure on infant neurobehaviour: A comparison to a control group. EClinicalMedicine 28 (2020) 100602

Zhang Huiping, Shao Shuya, Su Qian, Yao Dan, Sun Hongli, Ding Ding, Dang Shaokang, Wang Shan, Zhu Zhonliang, Li Hui. (2018) Involvement of prolactin in newborn infant irritability following maternal perinatal anxiety symptoms. Journal of Affective Disorders, 238, 1 October 2018, Pages 526-533. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29936391/

Osborne, S., Biaggi, A., Chua, T.E., Du Preez, A., Hazelgrove, K., Nikkheslat, N., Previti, G., Zunszain, P.A., Conroy, S., & Pariante, C.M. (2018). Antenatal depression programs cortisol stress reactivity in offspring through increased maternal inflammation and cortisol in pregnancy: The Psychiatry Research and Motherhood – Depression (PRAM-D) Study. Psychoneuroendocrinology , Volume 98 , 211 – 221

Miguel Barbosa, João Moreira, Edward Tronick, Marjorie Beeghly, Marina Fuertes (2018). Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS): Confirmatory factor analysis of the six behavioral clusters. Early Human Development, 124, p.1-6. 

Durieux, Claire deVrient- Goldman (2018). The benefits and strengths of using the Brazelton scale for preterm infant observation. Devinir, 30, 3, pp. 225 – 239. 

Öznur BAŞDAŞ, Emine ERDEM , Ferhan ELMALI , Selim KURTOĞLU (2018). The Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale: A validity and reliability study in a Turkish sample. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 48: 399-404:  doi:10.3906/sag-1711-111

Priyantha Perera, Pavithra Godamunne, Sumal Nandasena, Meghan Tipre, Udaya Wimalasiri, Mark Reader, Thulani Beddage, Tamika Smith, Anuradhani Kasturiratne, Nalini Sathiakumar, Rajitha Wickremasinghe (2018). A comparison of Alberta’s Infant Motor Scale and Brazelton Neonatal Behavior Assessment Scale. bioRxiv 462572; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/462572.

Cecil, C. A. M., Pickles, A., Hill, J., & Sharp, H. (2017). The Joint Contributions of Maternal Depression and Infant Negative Emotionality to Maternal Sensitivity to Infant Distress. PsyArXiv, 2 Oct. 2017. Web. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/7pshj

Barona, M., Taborelli, E., Corfield, F., Pawlby, S., Easter, A., Schmidt, U., Treasure, J., & Micali, N. (2017). Neurobehavioural and cognitive development in infants born to mothers with eating disorders. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 58(8):931-938. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12736 

Braithwaite, E.C., Pickles, A., Sharp, H., Glover, V., O’Donnell, J., Tibu, F., & Hill, J. (2017) Maternal prenatal cortisol predicts infant negative emotionality in a sex-dependent manner. Physiology and Behaviour 175:31-36. DOI:10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.03.017. 

Huiping Zhang, Qian Su, Dan Yao,  Shan Wang, Shaokang Dang, Ding Ding,Zhongliang Zhu, Shuya Shao, Hui L i(2017). Prolactin, a potential mediator of reduced social interactive behavior in newborn infants following maternal perinatal depressive symptoms. Journal of Affective Disorders, 215, 274-280.

Rundjan L, Pusponegoro H, Tumbelaka A. (2016). Neonatal adaptive behavioral assessment in asphyxiated full-term newborn infants as measured by the Brazelton scale. Paediatrica Indonesiana [Internet]. 10Oct.2016 [cited 26Jan.2023];44(6):234-. Available from: https://paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/784

Bedford, R., Pickles, A., Sharp, H., Wright, N., & Hill, J. (2015). Reduced Face Preference in Infancy: A Developmental Precursor to Callous-Unemotional Traits? Biological Psychiatry, 78(2), 144-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.09.022

Alicia Alvarez-Garcia, Albert Fornieles-Deu, Carme Costas-Moragas, Francesc Botet-Mussons (2014). Neurobehavioral conditions and effects of gender, weight and severity in preterm infants according to the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale. Anales de Psicología. vol. 31, núm. 3, octubre, 2015, pp. 818-824

Jonathan Hill, Andrew Pickles, Helen Sharp, Charlotte Cecil. The joint contributions of maternal depression and infant negative emotionality to maternal sensitivity to infant distress. Presented at the 14th World WAIMH Congress, Edinburgh, June 2014.

Carmine M Pariante, Susan Conroy, Enrica Fantini, Sarah Osborne, Susan Pawlby, Patricia Zunszain. Exposure to maternal childhood abuse and depression in utero: effects on neonatal behavioral regulation and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Presented at the 14th World WAIMH Congress, Edinburgh, June 2014.

J. K. Nugent, N. Snidman, J. Kagan, M. C. C. Shih, C. Matson, S. Bujoreanu, J. Gillette, S. Ming. The relationship between newborn behavior patterns and reactivity categories at four months of age: implications for emotional self-regulation. Presented at the 14th World WAIMH Congress, Edinburgh, June 2014.

Mula R., Savchev S., Parra M., Arranz A., Botet F., Costas-Moragas C., Gratacos E., Figueras F. (2013) Increased Fetal Brain Perfusion and Neonatal Neurobehavioral Performance in Normally Grown Fetuses. Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy, 33:182-188 (DOI:10.1159/000350699)

Hernandez-Martinez C, Arija V.V., Escribano S.J., Canals S.J. (2012) A longitudinal study on the effects of maternal smoking and secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy on neonatal neurobehavior. Early Human Development, 88(6), 403-8.

Ravindra Arya, Maya Chansoria, Ramesh Konanki and Dileep K. Tiwari(2012). Maternal Music Exposure during Pregnancy Influences Neonatal Behaviour: An Open-Label Randomized Controlled Trial. International Journal of Pediatrics, Volume 2012, Article ID 901812, 6 pages doi:10.1155/2012/901812

F. Figueras, R. Cruz-Martinez, M. Sanz-Cortes, A. Arranz, M. Illa, F. Botet, C. Costas-Moragas and E. Gratacos (2011). Neurobehavioral outcomes in preterm, growth-restricted infants with and without prenatal advanced signs of brain-sparing.Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2011, 38, 3, 288-294. 

Josefa Canals, Carmen Hernández-Martínez, Griselda Esparó, Joan Fernández-Ballart (2011). Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale as a predictor of cognitive development and IQ in full-term infants: a 6-year longitudinal study. Acta Pædiatrica Acta, 2011, 100, pp. 1331–1337.

Accornero V.H., Anthony J.C., Morrow C.E., Xue L., Mansoor E., Johnson A.L., McCoy C.B., & Bandstra E.S. (2011). Estimated effect of prenatal cocaine exposure on examiner-rated behavior at age 7 years. Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 33(3), 370-8. 

Oberlander, T. F., Jacobson, S. W., Weinberg, J., Grunau, R. E., Molteno, C. D. and Jacobson, J. L. (2010). Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Alters Biobehavioral Reactivity to Pain in Newborns. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 34: 681–692. 

Raquel Costa, Bárbara Figueiredo, Iva Tendais, Ana Conde, Alexandra Pacheco, César Teixeira (2010). Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale: A psychometric study in a Portuguese sample. Infant Behavior & Development, 33 (2010) 510–517.

Cruz-Martinez R, Figueras F, Oros D, Padilla N, Meler E, Hernandez-Andrade E, Gratacos E. (2009). Cerebral blood perfusion and neurobehavioral performance in full-term small-for-gestational-age fetuses. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2009 Nov;201(5):474.e1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2009.05.028. Epub 2009 Jul 24. PMID: 19631930.

Sagiv SK, Nugent JK, Brazelton TB, Choi AL, Tolbert PE, Altshul LM, Korrick SA. (2008). Prenatal organochlorine exposure and measures of behavior in infancy using the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS). Environ Health Perspect. 116(5):666-73. doi: 10.1289/ehp.10553.

Kusaka, R., Ohgi, S., Shigemori, K., Fujimoto, T. (2008). Crying and Behavioral Characteristics in Premature Infants. J Jpn Phys Ther Assoc,11(1): 15–21.

Costas Moragas, C., Fornieles Deu, A., Botet Mussons, F., Boatella Costa, E., de Caceres Zurita, M.L. (2007). Psychometric evaluation of the Brazelton Scale in a sample of Spanish newborns. Psicothema, 19, 1, 140-149. 

Patrick H. Casey, Leanne Whiteside-Mansell, Kathleen Barrett, Robert H. Bradley, Regina Gargus (2006).  Impact of prenatal and/or postnatal growth problems in low birthweight preterm infants on school-age outcomes: an 8-year longitudinal evaluation.  Pediatrics,118, 3, 1078-1086. Sep;118(3):1078-86. doi: 10.1542/peds.2006-0361.

Hernandez-Reif M, Field T, Diego M, and Ruddock M (2006). Greater arousal and less attentiveness to face/voice stimuli by neonates of depressed mothers on the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale. Infant Behavior and Development, 29, 594-8.

Feldman R & Eidelman A. (2006). Neonatal state organization, neuromaturation, mother-infant interaction, and cognitive development in small-for-gestational-age premature infants. Pediatrics, 118(3), 869-78.

Ohgi S., Akiyama, T., Fukuda, M. (2005). Neurobehavioural profile of low- birthweight infants with cystic periventricular leukomalacia. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 47: 221–228.

Loo KL, Ohgi S, Zhu H, Howard J & Chen L (2005). Cross-cultural comparison of the neurobehavioral characteristics of Chinese and Japanese neonates. Pediatrics International, 47, 446-51.

Canals J, Fernandez-Ballart J and Esparo J (2003). Evolution of neonatal behavior assessment scale scores in the first month of life. Infant Behavior & Development, 26, 227-37.

Wolf M.J., Koldewijn K., Beelen A, Smit B, Hedlund R & de Groot I.J. (2002). Neurobehavioral and developmental profile of very low birthweight preterm infants in early infancy. Acta Pediatrica, 91(8), 930-8.

Lundqvist, C., Sabel, K-G,. (2000). The Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale Detects Differences Among Newborn Infants of Optimal Health. J. Pediatr. Psychol. 25 (8): 577-582.doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/25.8.577.

Esther Sokoloff-Rubin, Jessica Dym Bartlett, Katherine Paschall, Allison Hebert, Lianne Woodward,  J. Kevin Nugent, Sylva Yeghiayan,  Rachel Suttin, Lise C. Johnson.  Mothers of Preterm Infants’ Subjective Experiences of a Newborn Behavioral Observations (NBO) Parenting Support Intervention. Presented at the 35th Annual Gravens Conference on the Environment Of Care For High-Risk Newborns. Clearwater Florida, March 12, 2022. 

Maggie Redshaw (2022). Starting with the baby: putting the newborn at the centre of the transition to parenthood. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 40, 6,  547-549, DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2022.2131713

Nicolson, S., Carron, S.P., Paul, C. (2022). Supporting early infant relationships and reducing maternal distress with the Newborn Behavioral Observations: A randomized controlled effectiveness trial. Infant Mental Health Journal 2022. 43(3): 455–473. Published on line 2022, May.  DOI: 10.1002/imhj.21987

O’D.Connorton, R., Herlihy, A. & Cleary, R. Practitioner views and reflections on applying the Newborn Behavioural Observations (NBO) System within an Irish Context. (2022, June 16). Perspectives in Infant Mental Health. https://perspectives.waimh.org/2022/06/17/practitioner-views-and-reflections-on-applying-the-newborn-behavioural-observations-nbo-system-within-an-irish-context/

Rosarii O’D. Connorton, Aine Herlihy & Ruth Cleary. Practitioner views and reflections on applying the Newborn Behavioural Observations (NBO) System within an Irish Context. Perspectives in Infant Mental Health, July, 2022 https://perspectives.waimh.org/2022/06/17/practitioner-views-and-reflections-on-applying-the-newborn-behavioural-observations-nbo-system-within-an-irish-context/

Shan Wang, Chenxi Ding, Chengyin Dou, Zeen Zhu, Dan Zhang , Qiqi Yi , Haoyue Wu, Longshan Xie , Zhongliang Zhu, Dongli Song, Hui Li (2022). Associations between maternal prenatal depression and neonatal behavior and brain function – Evidence from the functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 146 (2022) 105896.

Shazia Parveen, Muhammad Zeshan, Sadiq Naveed, Elizabeth Levey, Nusrat Jahan, Alexandra Harrison (2022). Newborn Behavioral Observations system in rural Pakistan: A feasibility and acceptability study.  Infant Mental Health Journal, 44:125-132: DOI: 10.1002/imhj.22032

Shazia Parveen, Muhammad Zeshan, Sadiq Naveed, Elizabeth Levey, Nusrat Jahan, Alexandra Harrison (2022). Newborn Behavioral Observations system in rural Pakistan: A feasibility and acceptability study.  Infant Mental Health Journal, 44:125-132: DOI: 10.1002/imhj.22032Susan Nicolson, Sarah Pia-Carron, Campbell Paul, Louise Newman (2022). Supporting the newborn-parent relationship when there is parental depression or anxiety: Australian trial of the Newborn Behavioural Observations (NBO).Infant Mental Health Journal. 43(3): 455–473. Published on line 2022, May.  DOI: 10.1002/imhj.21987

Alexandra Murray Harrison. The NBO (Newborn Behavioral Observations) in Asia and Latin America.  Presentation within Symposium entitled: Towards cultural safety, family access, infant wellbeing: Global stories of early parent-infant relationship support using the Newborn Behavioral Observations (NBO)(Susan Nicolson, Chair). Presented at WAIMH 2021, 17^th World Congress, Brisbane, Australia.

Alexandra Harrison , Muhammad Zeshan , Ana Mayen Lainez. Lullabies for Sleep and for the Transmission of Emotion and Culture.  Presented at WAIMH 2021, 17^th World Congress, Brisbane, Australia.

Alexandra Harrison, Kevin Nugent & Lise Johnson. The NBO in Covid Times: How can the NBO be conducted virtually to build a strong parent-infant relationship? Lessons from Pakistan, Australia, Norway and the United States.  Symposium presented at WAIMH 2021, 17^th World Congress, Brisbane, Australia.

Alexandra Harrison, Shazia Parveen, Muhammad Zeshan. Zooming in to Support Families of Infants: Practicing the Remote NBO. Presentation with the symposium titled; The NBO in Covid Times: How can the NBO be conducted virtually to build a strong parent-infant relationship? Lessons from Pakistan, Australia, Norway, and the United States  (Chair: Alexandra Harrison). Presented at WAIMH 2021, 17^th World Congress, Brisbane, Australia.

Aurélie Guillou, Cécile Collet, Rozenn Corre, Stéphane Masson, Sandie Sempe, Nathalie Bescond (2025). Newborn Behavioral Observation aux différents temps du parcours périnatal. SOiNS Pédiatrie-Puériculture, Volume 344: 34-38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spp.2025.03.010.

Beth McManus, Yvette Blanchard, Natalie Murphy, J. Kevin Nugent. The Effects of the Newborn Behavioral Observations (NBO) system with at-risk infants in Early Intervention: a Multi-site Randomized Controlled Trial.  Presentation within Symposium titled: Randomized Controlled Trials testing the efficacy of the Newborn Behavioral Observations (NBO) system in Australia, Denmark, Japan and the US. (Kevin Nugent, chair). Presented at WAIMH 2021, 17^th World Congress, Brisbane, Australia. 

Campbell Paul, Masako Nagata. Using the Newborn Behavioural Observation (NBO) to support parents and staff in meeting the needs of extremely premature babies. Presentation within the symposium entitled “Notes from the field: The NBAS and NBO in practice around the world”. (Lise Johnson, chair). Presented at WAIMH 2021, 17^th World Congress, Brisbane, Australia.

Claire Favrot-Meunier . “Leila, a hearing baby with her deaf parents: talking together”. Presentation within the symposium entitled “Notes from the field: The NBAS and NBO in practice around the world” (Lise Johnson, chair). Presented at WAIMH 2021, 17^th World Congress, Brisbane, Australia.  

Deanna Gibbs. Transforming relationships: Using the NBO in the neonatal unit to enhance infant communication and parent understanding. Presentation within the symposium entitled; “Notes from the field: The NBAS and NBO in practice around the world” (Lise Johnson, chair). Presented at WAIMH 2021, 17^th World Congress, Brisbane, Australia. 

Eiko Saito, Emi Tsukamoto, Takako Hirose, Maiko Nakamoto, Saori Minagawa, Masae Hasegawa, Mariko Iwayama. A randomized controlled trial on the efficacy of an early parenting relationship-building intervention using the Newborn Behavioral Observations in Japan. Presentation within Symposium titled: Randomized Controlled Trials testing the efficacy of the Newborn Behavioral Observations (NBO) system in Australia, Denmark, Japan and the US. (Kevin Nugent, Chair). Presented at WAIMH 2021, 17^th World Congress, Brisbane, Australia.

Eiko Saito , Yukiyo Nagai , Masako Nagata , Shohei Ohgi , Mariko Iwayama. The uses of the NBO in Japanese cultural settings. Presentation within the symposium entitled “Notes from the field: The NBAS and NBO in practice around the world”. Dr Lise Johnson (Chair).  Presented at WAIMH 2021, 17^th World Congress, Brisbane, Australia.

Huiping Zhang, Ze’en Zhu, Shan Wang, Xiaoqin Nan, Jinhua Huang, Dan Yao, Shuya Shao, Shengquan Chen, Tawali Shah, Hui Li. Effect of Newborn Behavioral Observations (NBO) intervention on insecure parent-child attachment following maternal perinatal depressive symptoms: a prospective cohort study.  Presented at the 17^th World Association for Infant Mental Health, Brisbane, 2021

Ingeborg H. Kristensen, Merethe Vinter, Inge K. Nickell, Hanne Kronborg. Health visitors’ competences before and after implementing the Newborn Behavioral Observations (NBO) in a community setting: A cluster randomised study. Presentation within Symposium titled: Randomized Controlled Trials testing the efficacy of the Newborn Behavioral Observations (NBO) system in Australia, Denmark, Japan and the US. (Kevin Nugent, chair).Presented at WAIMH 2021, 17^th World Congress, Brisbane, Australia.

Jayne Singer. Facilitating Newborn Behavioral Observations in the context of maternal-infant substance exposures and recovery. Presentation in the Symposium entitled: Notes from the field: The NBAS and NBO in practice around the world (Lise Johnson, chair).  Presented at WAIMH 2021, 17^th World Congress, Brisbane, Australia.

J. Kevin Nugent, Maggie Redshaw, Susan Nicolson, Ingeborg H. Kristensen, Inge Nickell, Eiko SAITO, Lise Johnson. Randomized Controlled Trials testing the efficacy of the Newborn Behavioral Observations (NBO) system in Australia, Denmark, Japan and the US. (J. Kevin Nugent, Chair, Maggie Redshaw, respondent). Symposium presented at WAIMH 2021, 17^th World Congress, Brisbane, Australia. Presented at WAIMH 2021, 17^th World Congress, Brisbane, Australia.

J. Kevin Nugent. AMOR – Giving babies and their parents their own voice through the NBO. Master Class presented at WAIMH 2021, 17^th World Congress, Brisbane, Australia.

J. Kevin Nugent, Jennifer Harrison, Antoine Guedeney, Jayne Singer Debbie Weatherston.  Ars Poetica: Poetry and Reflective Practice in Infant Mental Health. Presented at WAIMH 2021, 17^th World Congress, Brisbane, Australia.

Kathy Crouch & Susan Nicolson. Baby’s First Yarn: Cultural co-design of a baby-led, infant mental health support for Aboriginal families in the first 100 days. Presentation within Symposium entitled: Towards cultural safety, family access, infant wellbeing: Global stories of early parent-infant relationship support using the Newborn Behavioral Observations (NBO) (Susan Nicolson, Chair). Presented at WAIMH 2021, 17^th World Congress, Brisbane, Australia.

Lise C. Johnson, Jessica Bartlett, J. Kevin Nugent, Lianne Woodward. The impact of an NBO-based intervention on the mental health of mothers with late preterm infants. Presentation within Symposium entitled: Randomized Controlled Trials testing the efficacy of the Newborn Behavioral Observations (NBO) system in Australia, Denmark, Japan and the US (Kevin Nugent, Chair). Presented at WAIMH 2021, 17^th World Congress, Brisbane, Australia.

Lise Johnson. Notes from the field: The NBAS and NBO in practice around the world (Lise Johnson, Chair). Symposium presented at WAIMH 2021, 17^th World Congress, Brisbane, Australia.

Lise Johnson, Kevin Nugent, Aditi Subramaniam, Maria Henrikson, Sylva Yeghiayan, Leah Koretz, Nancy Macalaster , Laurie Foster, Rachel Suttin.  The urgent need for ‘Holding’ mothers and their late preterm infants in mind: Creative adaptations in the Baby AMOR study. Presentation with the symposium titled; The NBO in Covid Times: How can the NBO be conducted virtually to build a strong parent-infant relationship? Lessons from Pakistan, Australia, Norway, and the United States (Chair, Alexandra Harrison). Presented at WAIMH 2021, 17^th World Congress, Brisbane, Australia.

Maggie Redshaw  & Michaela Vigarova. Changing practice: developing the skills of practitioners working with infants and families during the postnatal period.  Presented at WAIMH 2021, 17^th World Congress, Brisbane, Australia.

Nicki Dawson, Katherine Frost, Susan Nicolson. “She is now beautiful”, seeing and being seen, and the power of the Newborn Behavioural Observations (NBO). Presentation within Symposium Titled: Towards cultural safety, family access, infant wellbeing: Global stories of early parent-infant relationship support using the Newborn Behavioral Observations (NBO)(Susan Nicolson, Chair). Presented at WAIMH 2021, 17^th World Congress, Brisbane, Australia.

Roseanne Clark, Sarah Strong, Gretchen Becker Crabb. Remote NBO Training and Implementation in the Context of the Global Pandemic in a University Post-Graduate Infant Mental Health Program: Challenges and Benefits.  Presentation within the symposium entitled: The NBO in Covid Times: How can the NBO be conducted virtually to build a strong parent-infant relationship? Lessons from Pakistan, Australia, Norway, and the United States (Chair, Alexandra Harrison). Presented at WAIMH 2021, 17^th World Congress, Brisbane, Australia.

Siti Wahyu Windarti, Ahmad Suryawan. Effectiveness Of The Newborn Behavioral Observation (NBO) System In Improving Mother And Infant Interaction. Fol Med Indones, Vol. 57 No. 2 June 2021: 1-5.

Siti Wahyu Windarti, Ahmad Suryawan (2021). EFFECTIVENESS OF THE NEWBORN BEHAVIORAL OBSERVATION (NBO) SYSTEM IN IMPROVING MOTHER AND INFANT INTERACTION. Fol Med Indones, Vol. 57 No. 2 June 2021: 1-5. 

Susan Nicolson, Alex Harrison, Katharine Frost, Nicki Dawson, Kathy Crouch, J. Kevin Nugent.  Towards cultural safety, family access, infant wellbeing: Global stories of early parent-infant relationship support using the Newborn Behavioral Observations (NBO)(Susan Nicolson, Chair). Presented at WAIMH 2021, 17^th World Congress, Brisbane, Australia.

Dr. Susan Nicolson, Kathy Crouch. Baby’s First Yarn: Cultural co-design of a baby-led, infant mental health support for Aboriginal families in the first 100 days. Presented at WAIMH 17th World Congress, Brisbane, Australia, 2021 in the Symposium entitled: Towards cultural safety, family access, infant wellbeing: Global stories of early parent-infant relationship support using the Newborn Behavioral Observations (NBO).

Susan Nicolson, Pia Carron, Campbell Paul, Louise Newman. Supporting the newborn-parent relationship when there is parental depression or anxiety: Australian trial of the Newborn Behavioural Observations (NBO). Presentation within Symposium titled: Randomized Controlled Trials testing the efficacy of the Newborn Behavioral Observations (NBO) system in Australia, Denmark, Japan and the US. (Kevin Nugent, Chair). Presented at WAIMH 2021, 17^th World Congress, Brisbane, Australia.

Susan Nicolson & Campbell Paul. Necessity is the mother of invention: Newborn Behavioral Observations in perinatal and infant mental telehealth. Presentation within the symposium titled: The NBO in Covid Times: How can the NBO be conducted virtually to build a strong parent-infant relationship? Lessons from Pakistan, Australia, Norway, and the United States (Alexandra Harrison, Chair).  Presented at WAIMH 2021, 17^th World Congress, Brisbane, Australia.

Unni Tranaas-Vannebo & Kari Slinning. When the NBO practitioner takes the role as a coach: Some experiences from Norway during the Covid-19 situation. Presentation with the symposium entitled: The NBO in Covid Times: How can the NBO be conducted virtually to build a strong parent-infant relationship? Lessons from Pakistan, Australia, Norway, and the United States, (Chair, Alexandra Harrison). Presented at WAIMH 2021, 17^th World Congress, Brisbane, Australia.

Yuka Urata, Masako Nagata. Effect of an NBO Introduction to mothers in a maternity clinic (Japan).  Presented at WAIMH 2021, 17^th World Congress, Brisbane, Australia.

 Ze’en Zhu , Shan Wang , Xiaoqin Nan , Jinhua Huang , Dan Yao, Huiping,  Zhang, Shuya Shao , Shengquan Chen, Tawali Shah, Hui Li. Effect of Newborn Behavioral Observations (NBO) intervention on insecure parent-child attachment following maternal perinatal depressive symptoms: a prospective cohort study. Presentation within the symposium titled; Notes from the field: The NBAS and NBO in practice around the world (Lise Johnson, Chair). Presented at WAIMH 2021, 17^th World Congress, Brisbane, Australia.

Beth M. McManus, Yvette Blanchard, Natalie J. Murphy and J. Kevin Nugent (2020). The Effects of the Newborn Behavioral Observations (NBO) System in Early Intervention: a Multi-Site Randomized Controlled Trial. Infant Mental Health Journal. 2020; 41, 6, 757-769: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/imhj.21882

Beth M. McManus, Yvette Blanchard, Natalie J. Murphy and Kevin Nugent (2020).  The Effects of the Newborn Behavioral Observations (NBO) System in Early Intervention: a Multi-Site Randomized Controlled Trial. Infant Mental Health Journal. 2020; 41, 6, 757-769. https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.21882 

Ingeborg Hedegaard Kristensen, Svend Juul and Hanne Kronborg (2020). What are the effects of supporting early parenting by Newborn Behavioral Observations (NBO)? A cluster randomised trial.  BMCPsychology  8,107:  https://bmcpsychology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40359-020-00467-5

Jayme Congdon, J. Kevin Nugent, Beth McManus, Michael Coccia, Nicole Bush (2020). A Pilot Validation Study of the Newborn Behavioral Observations System: Associations with Salivary Cortisol and Temperament. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 2020 Aug 26. doi: 10.1097/DBP.0000000000000842. Online ahead of print. https://journals.lww.com/jrnldbp/Abstract/9000/A_Pilot_Validation_Study_of_the_Newborn_Behavioral.99040.aspx

Jayme Congdon, J. Kevin Nugent, Beth McManus, Michael Coccia, Nicole Bush (2020). A Pilot Validation Study of the Newborn Behavioral Observations System: Associations with Salivary Cortisol and Temperament. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 2020 Dec; 41(9):716-723. doi: 10.1097/DBP.0000000000000842.

Kim Simkin-Tran, Bronwyn Harman, Susan Nicolson (2020). Mentalisation amongst Maternal and Child Health Nurses using the Newborn Behavioural Observations with infant-mother dyads: A qualitative study. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, Feb, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2020.01.018 

Kim Simkin-Tran, Bronwyn Harman, Susan Nicolson (2020). Mentalisation amongst Maternal and Child Health Nurses using the Newborn Behavioural Observations with infant-mother dyads: A qualitative study. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, Feb, 2020.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2020.01.018

Ragnhild Sørensen Høifødt, Dag Nordahl, Inger Pauline Landsem, Gábor Csifcsák, Agnes Bohne, Gerit Pfuhl, Kamilla Rognmo, Hanne C. Braarud, Arnold Goksøyr, Vibeke Moe, Kari Slinning &  Catharina Elisabeth Arfwedson Wang (2020). Newborn Behavioral Observation, maternal stress, depressive symptoms and the mother-infant relationship: results from the Northern Babies Longitudinal Study (NorBaby).BMC Psychiatry, 20, 300 (2020):https://bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12888-020-02669-y

Dallmeyer, J., Lyle, D., (2019). Use of the Newborn Behavioral Observations System to Promote Healthy Relationships Between Parents and Neonates. Proceedings of the 2019 AWHONN Convention. JOGNN 2019; Vol. 48, Supplement 3S.

Hutchon, B., Gibbs, D., Harniess, P., Jary, S., Crossley, S-W., et al. (2019). Early intervention programmes for infants at high risk of atypical neurodevelopmental outcome. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. First published: 04 March 2019. https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.14187

Kristensen, I. H., Vinter, M., Nickell, I.K., Kronborg, H. (2019).  Health Visitors’ competencies before and after implementing the Newborn Behavioral Observations (NBO) system in a community setting: A cluster randomised study. Public Health Nursing. 2019; 00:1–7. https ://doi.org/10.1111/phn.12658

Kristensen, I. H., Vinter, M., Nickell, I.K., Kronborg, H. (2019). Health Visitors’ competencies before and after implementing the Newborn Behavioral Observations (NBO) system in a community setting: A cluster randomised study. Public Health Nursing.00:1–7. https ://doi.org/10.1111/phn.12658

McManus, Yvette Blanchard, Natalie Murphy, J. Kevin Nugent. (2019). The Effects of the Newborn Behavioral Observation (NBO) System in Early Intervention: a Multi-Site Randomized Controlled Trial.  Presented at the APTA Academy of Pediatric Physical Therapy Annual Conference (APPTAC), Omaha, Nebraska, Nov 13-15, 2019.

Braden, J., Paul, C., Nicolson, S., Paul, J., Buist, A. (2018). Experiences of Maternal and Child Health Nurses in using the Newborn Behavioral Observation (NBO) system.  Presented at the 16th World Congress of the World Association for Infant Mental Health, Rome, May 2018.

Greve, R., Braarud, H. C., Skotheim, S., Slinning, K. (2018). Feasibility and acceptability of an early home visit intervention aimed at supporting a positive mother–infant relationship for mothers at risk of postpartum depression. Scandanavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 32, 4,1437-1446. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/scs.12525

Marina Aguiar Pires Guimarães, Claudia Regina Lindgren Alves,
Ana Amélia Cardoso, Márcia Gomes Penido, Lívia de Castro Magalhães (2018). Clinical application of the Newborn Behavioral Observations (NBO) System to characterize the behavioral pattern of newborns at biological and social risk. Journal de Pediatria,(Rio. J) 2018;94:300-7.

Shah, Tawali (2018).  The Effects of the NBO on breastfeeding mothers with high levels of perinatal maternal anxiety.  Presented at the 16th World Congress of the World Association for Infant Mental Health, Rome, May 2018

Schilling, M., Nicolson, S., Ridgway, L. (2017). When mother reports panic and sadness, how might we therapeutically support mother and baby? A reflective case study using the NBO.  Australian Journal of Child and Family Health Nursing, 15, 1, 4-8. 

Zhang Huiping, Shao Shuya, Su Qian, Yao Dan, Sun Hongi, Ding Ding, Dang Shaokang, Wang Shan, Zhu Zhongliang, Li Hui (2018).  Involvement of prolactin in newborn infant irritability following maternal perinatal anxiety symptoms. Journal of Affective Disorders, 238, 526-533.

Erika da Silva Dittz, Claudia Regina L. Alves, Elysângela Dittz Duarte, Lívia de Castro Magalhães (2017). Contribution of the NBO for the maternal care of preterm neonates. Journal of Human Growth and Development. 27(3): 262-271. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.125522

Halliday, J. (2017). A closer look. Community Practitioner, January, 2017. 

Hawthorne, J. & Nicolau (2017). Health Professionals’ use of the Newborn Behavioural Observations (NBO) system: benefits and opportunities for integration into practice.  Journal of Health Visiting. 5,7, 346-350. https://doi.org/10.12968/johv.2017.5.7.352

Huiping Zhang, Qian Su, Dan Yao,  Shan Wang, Shaokang Dang, Ding Ding, Zhongliang Zhu, Shuya Shao, Hui L i(2017). Prolactin, a potential mediator of reduced social interactive behavior in newborn infants following maternal perinatal depressive symptoms. Journal of Affective Disorders, 215, 274-280. 

Marina Aguiar Pires Guimarães, Claudia Regina Lindgren Alves, Ana Amélia Cardoso, Márcia Gomes Penido, Lívia de Castro Magalhães  (2017) Clinical application of the Newborn Behavioral Observation (NBO) System to characterize the behavioral pattern of newborns at biological and social risk. Journal de Pediatria, (Rio. J). www.jped.com.br

N. Dawson, J. Richards, K. Frost. (2017). The Ububele Baby Mat Service – A primary preventative mental health intervention in a culturally diverse setting. Child Adolescent Mental Health, 29(1):85-97.doi: 10.2989/17280583.2017.1297308.Epub 2017 Apr 13.

Nugent, J. K. Dym-Bartlett, J., Vonende, A., Valim, C. (2017).  The Effects of the Newborn Behavioral Observations (NBO) system on Sensitivity of Mother-Infant Interactions. Infants and Young Children, 30, 4, 257-268. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318405488_The_Effects_of_the_Newborn_Behavioral_Observations_NBO_System_on_Sensitivity_in_Mother-Infant_Interactions

Schilling, M., Nicolson, S., Ridgway, L. (2017). When mother reports panic and sadness, how might we therapeutically support mother and baby? A reflective case study using the NBO.  Australian Journal of Child and Family Health Nursing, 15, 1, 4-8. 

Appleton, J., Nickell, I., Nicolau, S. (2016) EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF PREPARATION FOR HEALTH VISITORS PRIOR TO ATTENDING THE NBO (NEWBORN BEHAVIOURAL OBSERVATIONS) TRAINING ON LATER USE WITH FAMILIES. Presented at the 15^th World Congress of WAIMH, Prague, June 2016.

Carmen Rosa Norona & Michelle L. Acker (2016). Implementation and sustainability of child-parent psychotherapy: the role of reflective consultation in the learning collaborative model.  INFANT MENTAL HEALTH JOURNAL, Vol. 00(0), 1–15 (2016)

Greve, R., Braarud, H. C., Slinning, K. (2016). Feasibility and Acceptability of the Newborn Behavioral Observations (NBO) system in well-baby clinics. Presented at the 15^th World Congress of WAIMH, Prague, June 2016.

Magalhaes, L., Dittz, E., Guimaraes, M. A. P., Lindgren Alves, C. (2016). The Newborn Behavioral Observation as relationships building tool In Brazil: the perspective of mothers and professionals. Presented at the 15^th World Congress of WAIMH, Prague, June 2016.

Gibbs, D.P. (2015). Supporting the Parent-Infant Relationship: Using the Neonatal Behavioural Observation in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Journal of the Association of Paediatric Chartered Physiotherapists, 6, 1, 26-34.

Hawthorne, J. (2015). Influencing Health Policy in the Antenatal and Postnatal Periods: the UK experience. Zero to Three Journal, 36, 1, 21-27. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1123851

Holland, A., Watkins, D. (2015). Flying Start Health Home Visitors’ views of implementing the Newborn Behavioral Observations (NBO): barriers and facilitating factors.  Community Practitioner, Practitioner,88, 4, 33-36. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26373004/

Lee, P., Mee, C. (2015). The Tameside and Glossop Early Attachment Service: Meeting the emotional needs of parents and their babies. Community Practitioner, August, 31-35.  

McManus, B. (2015). Integration of the Newborn Behavioral Observations (NBO) System into Care Settings for High-Risk Newborns. Zero to Three Journal,36, 1, 11-20. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318405488_The_Effects_of_the_Newborn_Behavioral_Observations_NBO_System_on_Sensitivity_in_Mother-Infant_Interactions

Nicolson, S. (2015). Let’s meet your baby as a person: From Research to Preventive Perinatal Practice and Back Again with the Newborn Behavioral Observations. Zero to Three Journal,36, 1, 28-39. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282075636_Let%27s_meet_your_baby_as_a_person_From_research_to_preventive_perinatal_practice_and_back_again_with_the_NBO

Nugent, J. K., Dym-Bartlett, J., Von Ende, A., Killough, J., Valim, C., A Randomized Study of the Effects of the Newborn Behavioral Observations (NBO) System on Mother-Infant Interaction. Presented at the Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD) Biannual Meeting, Philadelphia, March 2015.

Nugent, J .K. (2015). The Newborn Behavioral Observations (NBO) System as a Form of Intervention and Support for New Parents. Zero to Three Journal, 36, 1, 2-10. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1123854

Paul, C. (2015). “Seeing Things Through My Eyes”: Understanding the Baby’s Perspective and Contribution to Psychodynamic Couple and Family Work. Couple and Family Psychoanalysis, 5(1) 1–5. https://www.pep-web.org/toc.php?journal=cfp&volume=5

Slinning, K., Tranaas Vannebo, U. (2015). The Training of Infant Mental Health Practitioners: the Norway Experience. Zero to Three Journal,36, 1, 40-45.

Yvette Blanchard and Gunn Kristin Øberg (2015). Physical therapy with newborns and infants: applying concepts of phenomenology and synactive theory to guide interventions.  Physiotherapy and Practice, 31(6), 377–381. https://doi.org/10.3109/09593985.2015.1010243

Alvarez, M. A. THE BABY AS A PERSON NOT AS A PATIENT: USING THE NBO IN PAEDIATRIC PRIMARY CARE IN AN URBAN SPANISH SETTING. Presented at WAIMH, Edinburgh, 2014. 

Brandt, K. TRAINING AND USE OF THE NEWBORN BEHAVIORAL OBSERVATION (NBO) WITH MULTIDISCIPLINARY HOME VISITORS & OTHER CLINICIANS. Presented at WAIMH, Edinburgh, 2014

Cheetham, N., Hanssen, T.A. (2014). The Neonatal Behavioral Observation System: A tool to enhance the transition to motherhood. VÅRD I NORDEN, 14, 48–52. https://doi.org/10.1177/010740831403400410

Jayne Singer. Using the NBO with infants treated for congenital heart defects.  Presented at the Understanding the Baby and Supporting Parents using the NBO and NBAS. Pre-WAIMH Poster session, Edinburgh, June, 2014

Nugent, J. K., Dym-Bartlett, J., Valim, C. (2014). Effects of an Infant-Focused Relationship-Based Hospital and Home Visiting Intervention on Reducing Symptoms of Postpartum Maternal Depression: A Pilot Study. Infants & Young Children,27, 4, 292–304. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263734570_Effects_of_an_Infant-Focused_Relationship-Based_Hospital_and_Home_Visiting_Intervention_on_Reducing_Symptoms_of_Postpartum_Maternal_Depression_A_Pilot_Study

Paul, C., Nicolson, S., Thomas, N., Chapman, M, Salo, F., Judd, F. INTRODUCING THE NEWBORN BEHAVIORAL OBSERVATION INTO A MATERNITY HOSPITAL: THE POWER OF BABIES MEETING THEIR MOTHERS AND FATHERS. Presented at WAIMH, Edinburgh, 2014.  

Saito, E. Effectiveness of a nursing intervention for relationship-building between Japanese parents and their problematic breast-feeders using the NBO.  Presented at WAIMH, Edinburgh, 2014.

Savage-McGlynn, E., &  Hawthorne, J. The effects of the NBO on parent perception and enhancement of the parent-infant relationship. Presented at WAIMH, Edinburgh, 2014.

Kashiwabara, E.  Effectiveness of the NBO with Japanese Parents with Breastfeeding Difficulties. Ab Initio international, 2013: http://www.childrenshospital.org/centers-and-services/programs/a-_-e/ab-initio-international/effectiveness-of-the-nbo-with-japanese-parents-with-breastfeeding-difficulties

McManus, B., Nugent, J. K. (2012). A Neurobehavioral Intervention Incorporated into a State Early Intervention Program is Associated with Higher Perceived Quality of Care Among Parents of High-Risk Newborns. Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research, 41, 3, 381-389. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/224821584_A_Neurobehavioral_Intervention_Incorporated_into_a_State_Early_Intervention_Program_is_Associated_with_Higher_Perceived_Quality_of_Care_Among_Parents_of_High-Risk_Newborns

McManus, B.,  &  Nugent, J. K. (2011). Feasibility study of early intervention provider confidence following a neurobehavioural intervention for high-risk newborns. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 29:4, 395-403. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233099139_Feasibility_study_of_early_intervention_provider_confidence_following_a_neurobehavioral_intervention_for_high-risk_newborns

Hartblay, M. A Case-Study Probe of Relationship-Based Intervention as a Point of Entry with Families of Infants with Hearing Loss.  Ab Initio International, 2010: http://www.brazelton-institute.com/abinitio2010/index.html

Blanchard, Y., Keefer, C., Tynan, K., Nugent, J. K. The Newborn Behavioral Observation (NBO):
Influencing Provider Confidence. Ab Initio International, Summer, 2008: http://www.brazelton-institute.com/abinitio2008spring/index.html

Fishman, J., Vele-Tabaddor, E., Blanchard, Y., Keefer, C., Minear, S., Johnson, L., Nugent, J.K.   The Effect of the NBO on Caregiver Relationships. Ab Initio International,Summer, 2007: http://www.brazelton-institute.com/abinitio2007summer/index.html

McQuiston, S., Kloczko, N., O’Brien, S. Training pediatric residents in the Newborn Behavioral Observations (NBO) system: a follow-up study.  Ab Initio International, Summer, 2006. http://www.brazelton-institute.com/abinitio2006summer/index.html.

Nugent, J. K. Dym-Bartlett, J., Vonende, A., Valim, C. (2017). The Effects of the Newborn Behavioral Observations (NBO) system on Sensitivity of Mother-Infant Interactions. Infants and Young Children,30, 4, 257-268. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318405488_The_Effects_of_the_Newborn_Behavioral_Observations_NBO_System_on_Sensitivity_in_Mother-Infant_Interactions

Nugent, J. David., Alhaffer, D.  The effects of the NBO as an educational and emotional support system for parents of premature infants. Ab Initio International, Summer, 2006: http://www.brazelton-institute.com/abinitio2006summer/index.html

Sanders, L.W, Buckner, E.B.(2006).  The Newborn Behavioral Observations system as a nursing intervention to enhance engagement in first-time mothers: feasibility and desirability.  Pediatric Nursing, 32, (5), 455-9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17100077/